Alexandria
Alexandria: A Comprehensive Guide to Egypt’s Coastal Gem
Alexandria, Egypt’s second-largest city, is a captivating blend of ancient history and modern-day Mediterranean charm. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, this coastal metropolis has been a significant cultural and intellectual hub throughout history. With its stunning coastline, historic landmarks, and vibrant culture, Alexandria offers a unique experience for travelers. This guide provides detailed information about how to get to Alexandria, where to stay, what to see, and the many features that make this city truly special.
How to Get to Alexandria
Alexandria is well-connected to the world through Borg El Arab Airport (HBE), located around 40 km southwest of the city. The airport serves both domestic and international flights, with several airlines such as EgyptAir, Qatar Airways, and Turkish Airlines offering regular routes. Upon arrival, travelers can take a taxi, private shuttle, or car rental to reach the city center. Although it is smaller than Cairo International Airport, Borg El Arab offers a relatively smooth arrival experience for visitors.
If you are already in Egypt, Alexandria is easily accessible from Cairo, which is about 220 km away. The fastest and most comfortable way to travel between the two cities is by train. Egyptian National Railways operates frequent services that range from first-class to economy, allowing travelers to enjoy a scenic ride along the Nile Delta. Buses also run regularly from Cairo to Alexandria, with several companies offering budget-friendly fares.
Driving to Alexandria is another option. The Desert Road (Cairo-Alexandria Road) is a well-maintained highway that connects the two cities, and the journey typically takes around 2-3 hours by car. There is also the Agricultural Road, which passes through rural areas and offers a more scenic route but can take slightly longer due to traffic in smaller towns.
Where to Stay in Alexandria
Alexandria offers a wide range of accommodation options that cater to various budgets and preferences. Corniche Road, the main thoroughfare running along the Mediterranean coast, is home to several luxury hotels offering stunning sea views. Staying in this area provides easy access to Alexandria’s major sights, restaurants, and beaches, making it a popular choice for tourists.
For travelers seeking a more tranquil experience, Stanley Bay is a charming district known for its beaches and upscale residential feel. Hotels in this area offer a peaceful retreat while still being close to the city’s attractions. The bay’s crescent-shaped beach is perfect for relaxing by the sea, and it’s an ideal spot for visitors who want to combine sightseeing with relaxation.
Budget travelers will find plenty of affordable options in Downtown Alexandria. This area is filled with budget hotels and hostels, many of which are located within historic buildings. It’s a vibrant part of the city, bustling with markets, cafés, and local life, making it a great spot for those who want to immerse themselves in the local culture.
Sights in Alexandria
One of Alexandria’s most famous landmarks is the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern reincarnation of the ancient Library of Alexandria. This stunning cultural complex is not only a vast library but also houses museums, art galleries, and a planetarium. Visitors can explore its vast collection of books or attend one of the many exhibitions and events held there throughout the year.
Another must-see is the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, an ancient underground necropolis that dates back to the 2nd century AD. These catacombs showcase a fascinating blend of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman influences, offering a glimpse into Alexandria’s multicultural past. The intricate carvings, statues, and tombs are a testament to the city’s rich history.
No visit to Alexandria would be complete without seeing the Citadel of Qaitbay, a 15th-century fortress built on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Perched on the Mediterranean coast, the citadel offers breathtaking views of the sea and the city. It’s an ideal spot for history enthusiasts and those looking for a scenic photo opportunity.
Hotels in Alexandria
For those seeking luxury, the Four Seasons Hotel Alexandria at San Stefano offers five-star amenities and exceptional service. Located along the Corniche, this hotel features spacious rooms with Mediterranean views, a private beach, multiple dining options, and a full-service spa. It’s an ideal choice for travelers looking for a high-end experience in the heart of the city.
The Hilton Alexandria Corniche is another excellent option for mid-range travelers. Situated right along the Mediterranean, the hotel offers comfortable rooms, a rooftop pool, and easy access to many of the city’s main attractions. Its private beach and multiple restaurants make it a popular choice for both tourists and business travelers.
Budget-conscious travelers can consider staying at the Paradise Inn Le Metropole Hotel, located in Downtown Alexandria. This historic hotel offers affordable rates, charming décor, and a central location near the Corniche and Alexandria’s main sights. Its vintage architecture and cozy atmosphere make it a great option for those who prefer character over modern luxury.
Culture and Events in Alexandria
Alexandria has long been a cultural center in Egypt, and today it continues to host numerous cultural events that celebrate its artistic and intellectual heritage. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is at the heart of many of these events, offering a calendar packed with lectures, workshops, art exhibitions, and film screenings. The library’s International Book Fair, held annually, is one of the largest in the region, attracting publishers, authors, and readers from across the world.
The city is also home to the Alexandria International Film Festival, which showcases films from the Arab world and beyond. This event draws filmmakers, critics, and cinema enthusiasts to the city each year and highlights Alexandria’s long-standing connection to the film industry. The festival provides a platform for emerging talent and offers a chance to explore new perspectives in global cinema.
Throughout the year, Alexandria’s cultural calendar is filled with traditional festivals and events that reflect the city’s rich heritage. Sham El-Nessim, an ancient Egyptian spring festival celebrated across Egypt, is particularly festive in Alexandria. During this time, locals gather in parks and along the Corniche to enjoy picnics and celebrate the arrival of spring. It’s a great opportunity for visitors to experience Egyptian culture at its liveliest.
Food in Alexandria
Alexandria’s culinary scene is heavily influenced by its Mediterranean location, with an emphasis on seafood and fresh ingredients. One of the most popular local dishes is Feseekh, a salted and fermented fish dish traditionally eaten during Sham El-Nessim. While it may not be for everyone, it’s an iconic part of the city’s food culture, and those looking for a unique culinary experience should give it a try.
For a more mainstream seafood option, head to one of the many fish restaurants along the Corniche, such as Fish Market or Tikka Grill, where you can enjoy freshly caught fish, shrimp, and calamari prepared with Mediterranean herbs and spices. Pair it with traditional Egyptian sides like tahini, baba ghanoush, and baladi bread for a full Alexandrian meal.
Beyond seafood, Alexandria offers a variety of street food options, with dishes like Ful Medames (fava beans) and Ta’ameya (Egyptian falafel) being staples. These dishes are typically served with fresh bread and salads, making for a cheap and satisfying meal. Cafés and bakeries throughout the city also offer sweet treats such as baklava and konafa, perfect for a mid-day snack or dessert.
Weather in Alexandria
Alexandria enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Summer (June to September) temperatures can range between 25°C and 32°C (77°F to 90°F), making it the best time for beachgoers. The sea breeze often helps to mitigate the summer heat, but travelers should still be prepared for high temperatures, especially in July and August.
Winter in Alexandria (December to February) is mild, with daytime temperatures averaging around 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F). Rain is more frequent during the winter months, and occasional storms can sweep in from the Mediterranean. While it’s not beach weather, winter is a great time to explore Alexandria’s historical sights without the summer crowds.
Spring (March to May) and autumn (October to November) are ideal times to visit, with pleasant temperatures and fewer tourists. These shoulder seasons offer a balance of sunny days and comfortable temperatures, perfect for sightseeing, exploring the city’s landmarks, or taking a stroll along the Corniche.
Sports Activities in Alexandria
Alexandria is a city that loves its sports, particularly football (soccer), which is the most popular sport in the city. Alexandria’s home football club, Al Ittihad Alexandria, is one of the oldest and most successful teams in Egypt. Matches are played at the Alexandria Stadium, and attending a local game can be a thrilling experience for sports enthusiasts looking to immerse themselves in Egyptian sports culture.
For those interested in water sports, Alexandria’s beaches offer opportunities for swimming, jet skiing, and windsurfing. The waters of the Mediterranean are calm enough for both beginners and experienced water sports enthusiasts. Stanley Beach and Montaza Beach are particularly popular spots for these activities.
Golf enthusiasts can head to the Alexandria Sporting Club, which is one of the oldest golf courses in the Middle East. This well-maintained course provides a great way to enjoy a round of golf in a historic setting. The club also offers facilities for tennis, squash, and other recreational activities, making it a favorite among locals and expatriates alike.
Local Transport in Alexandria
Getting around Alexandria is relatively straightforward, with several options available for both locals and tourists. One of the most iconic ways to travel through the city is by tram, which has been operating since the early 20th century. While the system is a bit outdated, it offers a unique and affordable way to see the city, particularly the historic neighborhoods.
Taxis are another common mode of transport, and they are widely available throughout the city. Be sure to agree on a fare with the driver before starting your journey, as many taxis do not use meters. Uber and Careem are also available in Alexandria, providing a more reliable and convenient option for those who prefer modern ride-hailing services.
For short distances, microbuses and buses are cheap and widely used by locals. These can be a bit challenging for tourists unfamiliar with the routes, but they offer an authentic experience of local life. Alternatively, walking along the Corniche is a great way to get around and take in the city’s scenic views.
Where to Go for a Trip Around Alexandria
Alexandria’s coastal location makes it an ideal base for exploring nearby destinations. Just an hour’s drive west of the city is El Alamein, a site famous for its World War II battlefields. History buffs can visit the El Alamein War Museum and the Commonwealth War Graves, which provide insight into this pivotal moment in world history.
A two-hour drive from Alexandria will take you to Rosetta (Rashid), the town where the famous Rosetta Stone was discovered. Today, Rosetta is a charming town with traditional Ottoman houses and a laid-back atmosphere. Visitors can explore the local museum dedicated to the Rosetta Stone and the Fort of Qaitbay.
For nature lovers, a visit to the Wadi El Natrun depression offers a peaceful escape from the city. This area is known for its ancient monasteries, including the Monastery of St. Macarius and the Monastery of the Syrians, which date back to early Christian times. The area is also home to several lakes, making it a perfect spot for birdwatching and relaxing.
Cheap Flights to Alexandria
Finding cheap flights to Alexandria can be easier during certain times of the year. Borg El Arab Airport serves both domestic and international flights, and budget airlines like Air Arabia, FlyEgypt, and Air Cairo frequently offer affordable options, particularly from regional destinations like the Gulf States.
Travelers looking for the best deals should book flights well in advance, especially if visiting during peak tourist seasons such as summer and major holidays. Using flight comparison websites like Skyscanner and Google Flights can help identify the best fares. Additionally, flying into Cairo and then taking a domestic flight or ground transport to Alexandria can sometimes result in cheaper overall travel costs.
Another option is to look for seasonal promotions offered by airlines, particularly around national holidays or during the low travel seasons. Flexible travel dates and mid-week flights often come with lower fares. Signing up for airline newsletters or loyalty programs can also help in securing discounted flights.
Districts of the City of Alexandria
Alexandria is divided into several districts, each with its own unique character. Corniche Road runs along the coast and is the city’s main artery, offering spectacular views of the Mediterranean Sea. The Downtown district, also known as Al Mansheya, is home to bustling markets, historic landmarks like the Roman Amphitheater, and vibrant street life. It’s an area where history blends with the energy of modern Egypt.
The district of Stanley Bay is one of Alexandria’s most picturesque areas, famous for its beach resorts and the Stanley Bridge. This area offers a more laid-back atmosphere, with sandy beaches, upscale restaurants, and modern residential buildings. Gleem Bay, located further along the coast, is another district known for its mix of luxury and traditional vibes, with great dining options and seaside cafes.
Smouha, a residential and commercial district, is one of the most developed areas of Alexandria. It is characterized by modern high-rises, shopping malls, and parks, making it a popular spot for both locals and expatriates. The district also offers easy access to the city’s business centers and upscale restaurants, catering to a more cosmopolitan crowd.
History of the City of Alexandria
Alexandria’s rich history began in 331 BC, when Alexander the Great founded the city as the new capital of his expanding empire. The city quickly became one of the ancient world’s greatest centers of learning and culture, home to the legendary Library of Alexandria and the Lighthouse of Pharos, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Throughout its early centuries, Alexandria was a hub for philosophers, scientists, and scholars.
During the Ptolemaic dynasty, Alexandria thrived as a Greek cultural center, attracting people from all over the Mediterranean. This was a time when the city became a melting pot of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman cultures, evident in its architecture, art, and intellectual pursuits. However, the city’s fortunes began to decline after Cleopatra’s defeat by Rome, and Alexandria was absorbed into the Roman Empire.
In later centuries, Alexandria faced numerous challenges, including invasions, earthquakes, and changes in political power. The city lost much of its ancient grandeur, but it remained an important port and cultural center throughout the Middle Ages and the Ottoman era. Today, Alexandria is a modern city that proudly preserves its historical heritage, offering a unique blend of the old and the new.
