Nanjing
Exploring Nanjing: A Comprehensive Guide to the Historic Chinese Capital
Nanjing, one of China’s most historic cities, serves as the capital of Jiangsu Province and has been an important cultural, political, and economic center for over a thousand years. The city, located on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, has seen the rise and fall of several Chinese dynasties and remains deeply connected to the nation’s past. Known for its beautiful riverside landscapes, ancient monuments, and modern cityscape, Nanjing offers a unique blend of ancient charm and contemporary vibrancy. It’s a city that attracts history buffs, food enthusiasts, and nature lovers alike, all drawn to its well-preserved historical sites, such as the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
Nanjing’s past is marked by significant events and turning points in Chinese history, from its prominence during the Six Dynasties to its role as the capital during the Ming Dynasty and later as the capital of the Republic of China. Today, Nanjing is often celebrated as a “City of Emperors,” due to its association with several rulers and dynasties, as well as a “City of Culture and Learning” thanks to institutions like Nanjing University. The city is filled with both solemn memorials, such as the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, and inspiring landmarks, including the stunning Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, a proud symbol of the city’s engineering achievements.
Despite its urban sprawl and rapid modernization, Nanjing is also a green city, with numerous parks, lakes, and scenic areas that add a refreshing natural dimension to its metropolitan appeal. Xuanwu Lake, a large lake near the city center, is particularly popular for relaxing and picnicking, while Purple Mountain is a favorite destination for hiking and historical sightseeing. With its strategic location in eastern China, Nanjing is well-connected and easily accessible, making it an ideal destination for both domestic and international travelers.
How to Get to Nanjing
Getting to Nanjing is convenient, with numerous options available for both international and domestic travelers. Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG) is the main gateway to the city, located about 35 kilometers south of downtown Nanjing. It offers direct flights to major cities across China and several international destinations, particularly in Asia. For travelers coming from other continents, connecting flights from Beijing, Shanghai, or Guangzhou are common and relatively quick, allowing easy access to Nanjing.
For those traveling within China, China’s high-speed rail network offers one of the fastest and most efficient ways to reach Nanjing. The city is connected to the country’s primary high-speed rail lines, with routes from Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and other major cities. The Nanjing South Railway Station is one of the largest and most modern in China, making it a hub for high-speed trains from across the country. The journey from Shanghai to Nanjing, for example, takes just over an hour, making it a popular choice for weekend getaways.
For travelers already within Jiangsu Province, regional buses are widely available and offer another affordable travel option. Nanjing is well-served by major highways and expressways that link it to nearby cities, such as Suzhou, Wuxi, and Yangzhou. These bus services are frequent and provide an inexpensive way to explore the region. Additionally, Nanjing’s metro system connects to nearby districts, offering another way to reach various parts of the city from the outskirts.
Where to Stay in Nanjing
Nanjing has a wide range of accommodation options to suit different budgets and preferences, from luxury hotels and boutique guesthouses to budget-friendly hostels. For visitors who want to experience the city’s historic charm, the Qinhuai District is an ideal area to stay. Known for its vibrant Confucius Temple area and scenic Qinhuai River, this district is home to numerous boutique hotels that offer a mix of traditional Chinese decor and modern amenities.
The Xinjiekou District is the city’s main commercial area and is popular among business travelers and those looking for upscale accommodation. This area is known for its shopping malls, skyscrapers, and high-end hotels like the InterContinental Nanjing and the Jinling Hotel, which offer luxurious rooms and easy access to the city’s top restaurants and shopping venues. Xinjiekou is conveniently located near many of Nanjing’s popular attractions, making it a strategic base for sightseeing.
For travelers on a budget, Nanjing University area is an excellent choice, with plenty of affordable guesthouses and hostels catering to students and backpackers. Staying in this area also offers a unique opportunity to experience the vibrant youth culture of Nanjing, as the district is home to numerous cafes, bookstores, and budget eateries. Another benefit is its proximity to the subway, making it easy to explore the city at an affordable cost.
Sights in Nanjing
Nanjing is rich with historical and cultural landmarks, offering visitors a chance to explore China’s past while experiencing its modern vitality. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, located on the slopes of Purple Mountain, is one of Nanjing’s most famous attractions. This grand mausoleum honors Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of modern China, and features impressive stonework, lush gardens, and a solemn atmosphere that attracts both locals and tourists.
Another must-visit site is the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, a solemn reminder of the atrocities suffered during the Nanjing Massacre in 1937. The memorial hall is both a museum and a tribute to the victims, providing a somber yet educational experience for visitors interested in understanding this chapter of history. The well-curated exhibitions and multimedia displays provide an in-depth look at the events of the period, making it an essential visit for anyone coming to Nanjing.
The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is another significant historical site, as it is the final resting place of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. Located on the scenic Purple Mountain, the mausoleum features beautifully preserved stone sculptures, ancient pine trees, and traditional Ming Dynasty architecture. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and provides insight into the grand architectural style of the era, making it a rewarding visit for history enthusiasts.
Hotels in Nanjing
Nanjing offers a range of hotel options for different types of travelers, from five-star luxury accommodations to charming boutique stays and budget-friendly hostels. For those seeking luxury, the InterContinental Nanjing is a popular choice, located in one of the city’s tallest skyscrapers. This hotel offers stunning panoramic views of Nanjing, high-end dining options, and proximity to many attractions, making it ideal for visitors who want to experience the city from a comfortable and luxurious base.
The Jinling Hotel is another well-known luxury option located in the Xinjiekou commercial district. Known for its excellent service and elegant decor, the Jinling Hotel offers guests an upscale experience with easy access to shopping, dining, and sightseeing spots. Its prime location and range of amenities make it a favorite among business travelers and tourists alike.
For budget-conscious travelers, Nanjing Fuzimiao Youth Hostel is an affordable option situated near the Confucius Temple area. This hostel offers a cozy atmosphere and a convenient location, making it easy to explore the nearby Qinhuai River and other local attractions. Many hostels and guesthouses around the Nanjing University area also provide budget-friendly accommodations with a friendly atmosphere, catering to students and backpackers.
Culture and Events in Nanjing
Nanjing has a vibrant cultural scene, with numerous festivals, performances, and events taking place throughout the year. One of the most significant events is the Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival, held annually in February and March at the Nanjing Plum Blossom Hill. The festival attracts visitors from all over China who come to admire the blooming plum blossoms and participate in cultural activities that celebrate this iconic symbol of Chinese culture.
The Nanjing Qinhuai Lantern Festival, held during the Lunar New Year, is another major cultural event. The festival is centered around the Confucius Temple area and features elaborate lantern displays, traditional performances, and a lively night market. This event is a highlight of the Chinese New Year celebrations in Nanjing and provides visitors with a unique glimpse into local traditions and customs.
Nanjing is also known for its art and literary scene, with venues like the Jiangsu Art Museum and the Nanjing Library hosting various exhibitions and events throughout the year. The city has a strong literary tradition, being home to several renowned writers and poets. Many of these cultural events and exhibitions reflect Nanjing’s rich history and contemporary creativity, making it an inspiring destination for art and culture enthusiasts.
Food in Nanjing
Nanjing is famous for its rich and diverse cuisine, with a focus on duck dishes, noodle soups, and sweet snacks. Nanjing salted duck is one of the city’s signature dishes, known for its tender texture and savory flavor. This delicacy is prepared using traditional methods that have been passed down through generations, and it’s a must-try for visitors looking to experience authentic local flavors.
The city is also known for its Huaiyang cuisine, which is one of China’s major culinary traditions and emphasizes fresh ingredients and delicate flavors. Dishes like lion’s head meatballs and Yangzhou fried rice are popular among locals and visitors alike. Many restaurants in the city serve Huaiyang dishes, allowing travelers to experience one of China’s most refined culinary styles.
For those with a sweet tooth, Nanjing sesame dumplings and rice cakes are popular street foods that offer a taste of the local flavor. The bustling food markets, such as Laomendong Food Street, are ideal places to sample these snacks and explore the city’s diverse food culture. With its mix of traditional flavors and modern culinary innovation, Nanjing provides a memorable dining experience for food lovers.
Weather in Nanjing
Nanjing experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by four distinct seasons with hot, humid summers and cold, damp winters. The summer months (June to August) are often the hottest and most humid, with temperatures reaching above 35°C (95°F) and frequent rainfall. July, in particular, is both the warmest and wettest month, making it essential to stay hydrated and wear light clothing. Despite the heat, summer is popular among tourists due to the lush landscapes around Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain.
Autumn (September to November) is one of the best times to visit Nanjing, as the temperatures become milder, ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F), and the humidity decreases. The city’s parks and scenic spots are especially beautiful in autumn, as the leaves change color, painting a picturesque landscape in reds, oranges, and yellows. Many cultural events and festivals are held during this period, making it a lively season for both locals and visitors.
The winter season (December to February) in Nanjing can be quite cold, with temperatures dropping to around 0°C (32°F). While snowfall is rare, it can occur, especially in January, adding a unique beauty to the city’s ancient architecture. Spring (March to May) is another popular time for tourism, as the weather becomes warmer, and flowers bloom around the city, making it an ideal season for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
Sports Activities in Nanjing
Nanjing offers a variety of sports activities for both locals and visitors, with numerous facilities, sports centers, and outdoor spaces available throughout the city. For fans of soccer and basketball, the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, built for the 2014 Youth Olympics, is an impressive facility that hosts many national and international events. The center also includes areas for swimming, tennis, and track and field, making it a versatile venue for sports enthusiasts.
For outdoor activities, hiking and cycling are popular, particularly around Purple Mountain and Xuanwu Lake. Purple Mountain has multiple trails, varying from easy to challenging, and offers scenic views of the city along with historical sites like the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Xuanwu Lake, located in the heart of Nanjing, has a well-maintained park with cycling paths, walking trails, and boat rentals, providing an ideal spot for jogging, cycling, or a relaxing paddle on the lake.
Martial arts are also popular in Nanjing, with several schools and classes available for both beginners and advanced practitioners. Nanjing is particularly known for its connection to Taiji (Tai Chi) and Kung Fu, with many public parks hosting early morning and evening sessions. These martial arts not only offer a form of physical exercise but also a way to connect with Chinese culture and traditional practices.
Local Transport in Nanjing
Nanjing has a well-developed and efficient public transportation system that includes buses, taxis, and a rapidly expanding metro network. The Nanjing Metro currently consists of several lines that cover the majority of the city’s key districts and tourist attractions. Trains are frequent, clean, and affordable, making the metro one of the best ways to navigate the city. Tickets are priced based on distance, and metro stations have English signage, making it user-friendly for international visitors.
The city’s bus network is extensive, with routes that connect urban areas to the outskirts, including popular tourist spots. While buses can be crowded during rush hours, they are an economical way to explore Nanjing. Most buses accept the Nanjing Public Transport Card, which can be used on both buses and metro lines. This card provides a convenient way to pay for transportation and can be easily topped up at various stations.
Taxis and ride-hailing services such as Didi are also widely available in Nanjing. Taxis are metered and relatively inexpensive compared to Western countries, but it’s advisable to have your destination written in Chinese, as not all drivers speak English. For those looking to explore Nanjing independently, bike rentals are available around the city, with bike-sharing options such as Mobike and Ofo being particularly popular.
Where to Go for a Trip Around Nanjing
Nanjing’s location in eastern China makes it a perfect base for exploring the surrounding Jiangsu Province and beyond. Yangzhou, located about an hour away by train, is a historic city known for its beautiful gardens, narrow alleys, and ancient canals. The Slender West Lake, a famous scenic spot in Yangzhou, offers boat rides and beautiful views, making it a popular day trip destination from Nanjing.
Zhenjiang is another nearby city with a rich history, located along the Yangtze River. Known for its temples and ancient architecture, Zhenjiang is particularly famous for the Jinshan Temple, which is associated with Chinese legends and literature. Visitors can explore the beautiful hills and riverside views, as well as the local cuisine, which features unique flavors such as Zhenjiang vinegar.
For a longer excursion, Suzhou and its iconic classical gardens are accessible from Nanjing by high-speed train. Suzhou’s gardens, canals, and ancient streets offer a glimpse into traditional Chinese landscaping and architecture, and it’s known as the “Venice of the East.” The journey takes just over an hour, making it feasible for a day trip or weekend getaway.
Cheap Flights to Nanjing
For travelers seeking budget-friendly options, several airlines offer cheap flights to Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG), especially from major cities within Asia. Airlines such as China Eastern, Spring Airlines, and AirAsia often have discounted fares, making Nanjing accessible for both domestic and international travelers. Booking in advance and being flexible with travel dates can often result in significant savings.
Many flight aggregators, like Skyscanner and Google Flights, allow users to set up price alerts for flights to Nanjing, enabling travelers to monitor fare changes and secure the best deals. Additionally, Nanjing is well-connected to other major hubs in China, so flying into cities like Shanghai or Beijing and then taking a high-speed train to Nanjing can sometimes be more economical.
For travelers within China, budget airlines frequently offer competitive prices on flights to Nanjing from cities like Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. Promotions and sales on tickets are common, especially during the off-peak travel seasons, so it’s advisable to check for deals that align with travel plans.
Districts of Nanjing
Nanjing is organized into several distinct districts, each offering unique sights and experiences. The Xuanwu District, located in the heart of the city, is known for Xuanwu Lake, which is surrounded by scenic parks, historic sites, and cultural venues. This district is ideal for tourists due to its proximity to key landmarks like the Nanjing City Wall and Purple Mountain.
The Qinhuai District is famous for the Confucius Temple area and the Qinhuai River, where visitors can enjoy traditional Jiangnan-style architecture and night-time boat rides. This area is also known for its vibrant nightlife, with numerous restaurants, shops, and entertainment venues. Qinhuai offers a glimpse into Nanjing’s traditional culture and is a popular area for those looking to experience the city’s historic charm.
Jianye District is a more modern and upscale area, home to the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center and several high-end shopping malls. This district is particularly appealing to business travelers and those looking for a more contemporary side of Nanjing. With its mix of residential and commercial areas, Jianye showcases Nanjing’s rapid development and modernization.
History of Nanjing
Nanjing’s history is one of the richest in China, marked by its role as a capital city during various dynasties. Originally founded during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770–256 BC), Nanjing rose to prominence during the Six Dynasties period (222–589 AD), when it served as the capital for several successive dynasties. During this time, Nanjing became a center for art, culture, and intellectual pursuits, earning a reputation as one of China’s most important cities.
Under the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), Nanjing was transformed into a fortified capital with the construction of the Nanjing City Wall, which remains one of the longest city walls in the world. Although the capital was eventually moved to Beijing, Nanjing retained its political and economic importance. The city later became a focal point during the Taiping Rebellion in the 19th century, when it served as the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
In modern times, Nanjing’s most notable historical role was as the capital of the Republic of China from 1912 until the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. This period included the tragic Nanjing Massacre, which has left a lasting impact on the city’s history and is commemorated through memorials and museums. Today, Nanjing stands as a resilient and vibrant city that has preserved its heritage while embracing modernization, making it a captivating destination for history enthusiasts.
